The lens is an assembly of lenses that connected to the body of the camera with the mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film or on other media capable of storing an image chemically or electronically. These lenses are often called as photographic lens or photographic objective. Either it is a still camera, a video camera, a telescope, a microscope, or other apparatus there is no basic difference in principals only detailed design and construction has the variance.

A lens could be permanently fixed to a camera or it might be flexible in shapes or functionalities such as focal lengths, apertures, and other properties. Types of lenses can be categorized into Close-up" or macro, Zoom & Special-purpose lens. 

Macro Lens: This lens is basically is used for "close-up" photography that produces an image on film or a digital sensor which is one quarter of life size (1:4)to the same size (1:1) of the original image. When the image can be magnifying form the original size if the subject than it is called "Micro" photography (2:1, 3:1 etc.). This type of lenses is manufactured to capture images of close-up very small subjects.  

Zoom Lens: In this lens there is an internal element are moved to adjust the focal length by rotating the barrel or pressing a button which activates an electric motor. Generally, these lenses zoom from normal to extreme telephoto. These lenses are vastly used in small-format cameras of all types such still and cine cameras with fixed or interchangeable lenses. The automated zoom lenses might have the focus, iris, and other functions motorized.

Special-purpose lens: There are different types of lenses are made for special purpose and those are Apochromat, Process, Enlarger, Fisheye lenses and many more. 

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